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School Board News Bulletin
November 1999

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NEW TIF REFORMS DO NOT SATISFY MAJOR SCHOOL CONCERNS

STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION DISCUSSES PRIORITY INITIATIVES

ILP NETWORK EFFORTS LINKED TO ACADEMIC GAINS

THE NATIONAL SCENE

NAEP test finds most students have "basic" writing skills

Science textbooks fail to make the grade

RESEARCH REPORTS

ADD treatment linked to reduced chances of drug abuse

ADD could be over-diagnosed

Local districts get 92 percent of appropriated education funds: Study

TOOLS FOR SCHOOLS

Free women’s history catalog available

Law firm establishes memorial scholarship program

NSBA offers tools for technology planning

Y2Kidz.org lets students do the teaching

FEDERAL UPDATE

U.S. House considers funding cuts

DEVELOPMENTS IN SCHOOL LAW

IASB, eight other organizations sue state over tuition tax credits

WORKSHOPS & MEETINGS

IASB offers leadership workshops

Attend Illinois State Board of Education meetings

IASB presents time/life management workshops

Press foundation sponsors seminar on FOI and Open Meetings Acts

Violence prevention is aim of national videoconference

A new law that took effect November 1 is designed to close loopholes in the state’s tax increment financing (TIF) statute, but major school concerns are not addressed in the reforms. The Illinois TIF statute enables municipalities to redevelop blighted areas by using the increased property tax revenue derived from such redeveloped property to defray the cost of the improvements. School districts and other local taxing districts are locked out of receiving increased tax revenue derived from improved TIF property for up to 23 years.

A key reform provision benefitting schools requires reimbursements to school districts for any new students who enroll as a result of such TIF redevelopment, including the construction of additional residential housing. School advocates decry the fact, however, that the reforms do not ban the use of TIFs for residential development. They point out that the original intent of the TIF statute was to allow business and industrial improvements, not residential development.

The new law revising TIF provisions, P.A. 91-478, not only requires reimbursements for any new students, it also slightly tightens the definition of blighted areas, which are the only areas eligible for designation and redevelopment as TIF districts. The revised law will no longer permit municipalities, for example, to use TIF funds to build golf courses and municipal buildings.

Yet loopholes remain in the TIF law’s definition of blighted areas, according to school advocates. School districts still lack the authority, for example, to block the designation of a TIF area that would be harmful to local schools.

While future reforms may close these loopholes, sponsors of the latest reforms say they will wait at least a year to see how modifications of the law are working before they submit further reform proposals.

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The Illinois State Board of Education met for a work study session in Chicago October 20, spending most of the session discussing the Board Priority Initiatives. The members said that the foremost goal of the board is to "have all classes and schools staffed by highly qualified and talented, enthusiastically dedicated, and sincerely compassionate educators devoted to having all students meet or exceed state standards." This is to include administrators as well as teachers. Specifically, the board wants to achieve annual increases in the number of appropriately certified educators.

Other priority initiatives of the State Board of Education include:

* Reading and Math: to have students improving in these areas to meet and exceed the state standards;

* Birth to [age] 8 Early Learning: to include all children in one category from birth to age 8 to ensure that all children achieve the Illinois Learning Standards by Grade 3.

* Schools in Academic Difficulty: to help all schools meet the state standards, with plans to intervene to help those that are in difficulty. The State Board is considering recruiting and training special intervention teams and case managers for each school or school district, including experts in reading, math and school growth.

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Several schools in the Chicago Regional Learning Network are finding encouraging academic gains from an effort launched two years ago to recruit, train and place parent volunteers in classrooms. The Chicago network, part of the Illinois Learning Partnership (ILP), is working to reduce adult-student ratios and to increase the participation of parents in the processes of schooling for their children. But ILP insiders say the Parent Involvement Program (PIP) in Chicago is working beyond expectations.

At Carter G. Woodson South Elementary School, for example, school-wide math and reading scores have increased over the past two years. Mathematics scores have increased by three percentage points and reading scores have increased by 10 percentage points. As an intended side benefit, three formerly unemployed parents have obtained full-time positions in the private sector, thanks largely to training and skills developed within the program.

The Woodson South PIP was designed initially to promote literacy, problem solving and social skills for a group of 20 parent tutors. Coordinated by a team of three teachers, parents were trained for three weeks and then placed in the classroom. (From this experience, the Woodson leadership team has developed an instruction booklet on how to set up such a program.)

The Woodson South school leadership team is expanding the PIP program this school year. The team is recruiting and selecting 20 new parents, in addition to the existing group, to be trained as tutors for the school’s classrooms. This will enable Woodson to have two parent volunteers assigned to every classroom, thus allowing the school to provide more one-to-one instruction for at-risk students.

ILP Executive Director Victoria Davis says the Woodson program could become a model for other schools. The plan now is to involve more teachers in the parent tutor program and to disseminate the results of this parent involvement project to other inner-city schools. Results will also be disseminated to the rest of the Chicago Regional Learning Network, as well as other ILP Networks statewide. Other ILP networks learned about the PIP program during an educational summit on change that was held in Springfield October 29 (see "Illinois Learning Partnership to host school change summit," in the October News Bulletin).

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FEDERAL UPDATE

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U.S. House considers funding cuts

If Congress enacts a funding bill heading for floor action in the U.S. House of Representatives, many school districts might face dramatic program cuts. House leaders are considering imposing an across-the-board cut of 2.7 percent on the FY 2000 Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education appropriations bill. This would result in an additional cut of $900 million for federal education programs.

When factored in with the $200 million cut already approved by the House Appropriations Committee Sept. 30, that would translate to an overall cut to education programs of $1.1 billion. The funding bill approved by the House Appropriations Committee would increase funding for special education by $500 million, far less money than local school districts need to accommodate rising enrollments and rising program costs, says NSBA lobbyist Dan Fuller. NSBA has been calling for an increase of $2.2 billion.

"Cuts ranging from $200 million to $1.1 billion are unacceptable when the federal government has a funding surplus. Rather than enacting cuts or freezes, we are at a point where the national priority in education must be fulfilled through adequate increases," said an NSBA Call to Action.

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RESEARCH REPORTS

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ADD treatment linked to reduced chances of drug abuse

The Journal Pediatrics reported in August on a study showing children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (often referred to as ADHD or ADD) who are prescribed a stimulant drug like Ritalin are less likely to abuse drugs. In fact, students getting medication were 84 percent less likely to abuse drugs later in life, according to the study, which was funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse. The results are contrary to the outcome commonly predicted by those who have criticized the widespread use of prescription drugs for treating ADD.

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ADD could be over-diagnosed

A study published in the American Journal of Public Health (September 1999, Vol. 89, No. 9) says doctors might be over-diagnosing some groups of children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD or ADD) and over-prescribing drugs to treat the condition. Researchers examined about 30,000 students in two school districts in Virginia and found children were taking Ritalin and similar drugs at two to three times the expected rate. Roughly 8 to 10 percent of children in second and fifth grades routinely took ADD medication in the two school districts during the 1995-96 school year. Other regions of the country may be experiencing a similar trend, the study suggests.

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Local districts get 92 percent of appropriated education funds: Study

The U.S. Education Department distributes federal education funds efficiently enough to ensure that roughly 99 percent of such funding reaches the states, and that 92 percent of it reaches local school districts. That finding was published in a recent report by the congressional General Accounting Office (GAO). The report, "Federal education funding: Allocation to state and local agencies for 10 programs," covers a GAO-conducted study of how funds were distributed in fiscal year 1996. The study found roughly 8 percent of federal funding goes for program-related research, evaluation and dissemination expenses of federal and state authorities. For more information contact GAO staffers: Eleanor L. Johnson, Assistant Director, 202/512-7209; and Sherri K. Doughty, Project Manager, 202/512-7273.

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DEVELOPMENTS IN SCHOOL LAW

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IASB, eight other organizations sue state over tuition tax credits

This month, IASB, along with eight other organizations, filed a complaint in state court challenging the new Illinois education tax credit law. Two school board members, Barbara B. Toney and Deborah S. McCleary, are among the named plaintiffs. The decision to take part in this lawsuit was easy – the education tax credit represents a possible tax loss of anywhere between $50 million to $161 million. This money will be siphoned from state coffers in order to subsidize private education.

This lawsuit does not challenge school choice. In fact, school choice is not at issue – Illinois citizens have a constitutional right to choose to educate their children in non-public schools. Instead, this lawsuit is about who pays for a parent’s choice to send a child to a non-public school. Our tax laws reflect public policy by awarding tax deductions and tax credits for specified expenditures. These tax laws must, of course, comply with the Illinois Constitution. This is the crux of the complaint: that the Education Tax Credit law contravenes three separate articles of the Illinois Constitution by violating the fundamental principle of separation between church and state, by allowing public funds to be used for non-public purposes, and by establishing a tax classification that is not reasonable.

To gain a better understanding of this important lawsuit, read the following key parts of the complaint (as numbered therein).

12. Beginning with the 2000 tax year, the Education Tax Credit will allow Illinois taxpayers to take an annual credit of up to $500 against their State income tax . . . [for up] to twenty-five percent (25%) of the amount that they expend during a tax year for "qualified education expense[s]" incurred on behalf of "[q]ualifying pupils" who are enrolled at a "[s]chool."

13. The Education Tax Credit defines the quoted terms . . . as follows: (a) "Qualified education expense" means the amount expended in excess of $250 per qualifying pupil for "tuition, book fees, and lab fees"; (b) "Qualifying pupils" means residents of Illinois who are under the age of 21 and are full-time pupils in kindergarten through grade 12 during the regular school year; and (c) "School" means a public or private elementary or secondary school in Illinois that is in compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and at which the requirements of the Illinois school attendance law, Section 26-1 of Chapter 105 of the Illinois Code, can be satisfied.

14. To receive the full $500 tax credit made available by the Education Tax Credit, a taxpayer must (a) expend $2,250 on qualified education expenses during the tax year in question . . . at least $250 of which is expended on a single qualifying pupil, and (b) owe at least $500 in state income tax for that tax year. Because the Education Tax Credit may not be used to reduce a taxpayer’s state income tax below zero, a taxpayer who does not owe at least $500 in state income tax in a given tax year cannot claim the full $500 credit regardless of how much he or she may have expended for qualified education expenses during that tax year.

15. Few, if any, taxpayers whose children attend Illinois public schools will receive any benefit from the Education Tax Credit. Public schools do not charge tuition to pupils who reside in the public school district in which the school is located . . . [and generally] the tuition charged . . . non-resident pupils is paid by the State and/or the school districts in which the pupils reside and not by the pupils’ parents or guardians.

16. Low-income residents of Illinois whose children attend qualifying private schools will be unable to take full advantage of the Education Tax Credit. This is because these residents will not earn enough income to owe $500 in State income tax during a given tax year, and will be unable to claim the full $500 credit regardless of how much they may have expended for qualified education expenses during that tax year. . . .

17. High-income residents of Illinois whose children attend qualifying private schools will be able to claim the full $500 credit allowed by the Education Tax Credit. . . . [Research indicates] the vast majority of the approximately 322,664 pupils that the Illinois State Board of Education reports were enrolled in Illinois private schools during the 1998-99 school year were charged in excess of $2,250 for tuition, book fees, and lab fees during that school year.

18. Because the Education Tax Credit allows . . . [the diversion of] taxes to be used instead to pay the expenses for pupils who attend private schools, it . . . is the practical equivalent of a legislative appropriation. Estimates of the annual tax revenue that would be lost as a result of the Education Tax Credit range from $50 million to $161 million. Illinois Senate Journal, 91st General Assembly (March 25, 1999) at 11. The estimates of lost tax revenue that were given to the Illinois House of Representatives and Senate by the sponsors of the Education Tax Credit (Senator Cronin and Representative McCarty) were, respectively, $60 million, id. at 14, and $60 million to $70 million per year. Illinois House of Representatives Journal, 91st General Assembly (May 12, 1999) at 5.

19. Few if any taxpayers who send their children to public schools will make expenditures for "qualified education expense[s]" . . . to meet the $250 per pupil threshold necessary to qualify for the Education Tax Credit, or the $2,250 aggregate threshold necessary to claim the full Education Tax Credit. Virtually all of the money that will be diverted from the State Treasury as a result of the Education Tax Credit, therefore, will be expended at private schools in Illinois, the vast majority of which are sectarian. According to a report issued by the Illinois State Board of Education entitled "Illinois Nonpublic School Statistics: 1998-99," there were 1,377 private schools operating in Illinois during the 1998-99 school year. Of these, 1,047 (or 76%) identified themselves as "religiously-affiliated," and these 1,047 sectarian private schools enrolled over 89% of the total private school pupil population during the 1998-99 school year. . . . [We believe] the counterpart percentages for the 1999-2000 school year and subsequent school years will be approximately the same.

20. [Research suggests] . . . all or almost all of the sectarian private schools in Illinois are pervasively sectarian, in that the secular and sectarian aspects of their educational programs are intertwined, their educational programs include religious indoctrination, worship, and the inculcation of religious beliefs, and their educational programs are designed to advance the religious missions of the schools and of their sponsoring religious organizations.

21. The money that will be diverted from the State Treasury as a result of the Education Tax Credit will be expended for tuition, book fees, and lab fees at private schools – the vast majority of which are sectarian. These sectarian private schools can use such diverted money for the payment of salaries and expenses of employees affiliated with the religious mission of the schools, the purchase of literature and other materials identified with the religious mission of the schools, the maintenance and construction of facilities used for religious purposes, and other expenditures that support religious indoctrination, worship, the inculcation of religious beliefs, and religious education.

22. [Apparently] . . . one of the purposes of the Illinois Legislature in enacting the Education Tax Credit was to assist financially-troubled sectarian private schools in Illinois, many of which are in imminent danger of closing.

23. The Education Tax Credit will be available to Illinois taxpayers whose children would have attended private schools even in the absence of the Credit. [Apparently] . . . many Illinois taxpayers whose children in the past have attended private schools, and whose children in the future would attend private schools even in the absence of the Education Tax Credit, will benefit from the Credit.

24. In addition to the money that will be diverted from the State Treasury as a result of the Education Tax Credit, public funds will be expended to implement and administer the Education Tax Credit.

25. Plaintiffs will be injured by the Education Tax Credit because it will result in the unlawful diversion of tax revenue and the unlawful expenditure of public funds on its implementation and administration. That diversion and expenditure will diminish the public treasury, and will therefore either impose an additional tax burden on plaintiffs and other Illinois taxpayers or result in a diminishment of the public services that the plaintiffs currently enjoy, [for example] . . . education services to their children.

29. Under the Education Tax Credit, money that otherwise would have been paid to the State as taxes will be diverted from the State treasury and used to pay for pupils to attend private schools, most of which are sectarian. In addition, public funds will be used to pay for the cost of implementing and administering the Education Tax Credit.

30. For [these] . . . reasons, the Education Tax Credit requires plaintiffs to "support [a] ministry or place of worship against [their] consent," and a "preference [is] given by law to [a] religious denomination or mode of worship," in violation of Article I, Sec. 3, of the Illinois Constitution.

32. Under the Education Tax Credit, money that otherwise would have been paid to the State as taxes will be diverted from the State treasury, and used instead to pay for pupils to attend private schools, most of which are sectarian. The diversion of tax revenue resulting from the Education Tax Credit is the functional equivalent of a State appropriation in the amount diverted, and the expenditure of public funds to pay for the cost of implementing and administering the Education Tax Credit is an actual appropriation of public funds.

33. For the foregoing reasons, the Education Tax Credit constitutes an "appropriation or pay[ment] from [a] public fund," and a "grant or donation of... money... made by the State" to help support sectarian private schools and for other sectarian purposes, in violation of Article X, Sec. 3, of the Illinois Constitution.

35. Under the Education Tax Credit, public funds – in the form, inter alia, of lost State tax revenue – will be expended for religious education and other religious activities, and regardless of whether the taxpayers who benefit from the Education Tax Credit in any event would have sent their children to private schools.

36. Because religious education and other religious activities are not "public purposes," and because the Education Tax Credit is tantamount to a gift of public funds to taxpayers who would have sent their children to private school even in the absence

of the Credit, the Education Tax Credit violates the requirement in Article VIII, Sec. 1(a), of the Illinois Constitution that "[p]ublic funds... shall be used only for public purposes."

38. The stated objective of the Education Tax Credit is to provide financial assistance to Illinois taxpayers who wish to send their children to private schools, but low-income taxpayers who send their children to private schools will be eligible, if at all, only for a small portion of the $500 tax credit. High-income Illinois taxpayers who in any event would send their children to private schools will be able to take full advantage of the $500 tax credit.

39. Because the aforesaid distinction between low-income and high-income Illinois taxpayers bears no reasonable relationship to the stated objective of the Education Tax Credit – i.e., providing financial assistance to Illinois taxpayers who wish to send their children to private schools – the Education Tax Credit violates the requirement in Article IX, Sec. 2, of the Illinois Constitution that "[i]n any law classifying the subjects or objects of non-property taxes..., the classes shall be reasonable... [and] credits shall be reasonable."

For the reasons set forth above, plaintiffs respectfully request that this Court:

(1) Declare the Education Tax Credit unconstitutional under (a) Article I, Sec. 3, of the Illinois Constitution; (b) Article X, Sec. 3, of the Illinois Constitution; (c) the "public purpose" requirement of Article VIII, Sec. 1, of the Illinois Constitution; and (d) Article IX, Sec. 2 of the Illinois Constitution;

(2) Order such other and further relief as this Court may deem appropriate.

Melinda Selbee is IASB's general counsel.

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THE NATIONAL SCENE

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NAEP test finds most students have "basic" writing skills

Roughly three out of four students performed at the "basic" level on the latest writing assessment of the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). NAEP tested a national sample of 60,000 fourth, eighth and 12th graders in 1998 on various kinds of writing, such as narrative, informative, and persuasive. Only 1 percent of students at each grade level performed at the proficient level, according to the writing assessment report released September 28. More students than in 1994 were close to moving up to the proficient level, however, and fewer students scored below the basic level. The assessment is administered by the U.S. Education Department. The NAEP report, also known as "the Nation’s Report Card," is available online at http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/.

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Science textbooks fail to make the grade

The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) has rated as "unsatisfactory" all of the widely used science textbooks for middle schools. The bad results were issued by Project 2061, a long-term science, mathematics and technology education improvement initiative sponsored by the AAAS. The study found that most textbooks cover too many topics too superficially. All of the texts include many classroom activities that are either irrelevant to learning key science ideas or don’t help students relate what they are doing to the underlying ideas.

The texts were published by Glencoe-McGraw Hill; Macmillan/McGraw Hill; Kendall/Hunt; Prentice/Hall; Decision Development Corp.; Addison-Wesley and Holt, Rinehart & Winston.

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TOOLS FOR SCHOOLS

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Free women’s history catalog available

New K-12 curriculum kits for use in teaching women’s history are included in the fall Women’s History Catalog from the National Women’s History Project (NWHP). Posters, program guides, reference books, CD-ROMs, and short videos are included, too. For the free catalog, contact the NWHP, 7738 Bell Road, Windsor, CA 95492-8518, e-mail nwhp@aol.com or phone 707/838-6000.

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Law firm establishes memorial scholarship program

Klein, Thorpe and Jenkins, Ltd., recently announced the establishment of the Franklin W. Klein Memorial Scholarship Program. Under this program five $1,000 scholarships will be awarded each year by the firm to high school seniors or college-attending students nominated in that year by client school districts. The program was established to honor the memory of Franklin W. Klein, who founded the firm in 1935. Scholarships will be awarded as a $1,000 check to each winning student for use for undergraduate college expenses, with winners chosen at random in a drawing of the names of eligible nominees. For more information, contact the firm at: 312/984-6400.

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NSBA offers tools for technology planning

A new publication from NSBA is designed to help school leaders make better use of technology in the classroom and achieve their own vision of improved student achievement. For more information, visit the NSBA’s ITTE Web site at http://www.nsba.org/itte. The new technology planning publication, Models of Success: Case Studies of Technology in Schools, is available for $35 from the NSBA Distribution Center at 800/706-6722.

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Y2Kidz.org lets students do the teaching

Kids can now log on to a new Web site offered by the American Cancer Society that lets them teach a lesson in how to adopt healthier behavior, while they have fun. The site is online at http://www.y2kidz.org.

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WORKSHOPS & MEETINGS

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IASB offers leadership workshops

Are you already planning your Millennium resolutions? Do they include increased effectiveness and time management? Beginning in 2000, IASB will be offering several workshop opportunities that can help.

Stephen R. Covey’s The Seven Habits or Highly Effective People Workshop is an intensive three-day opportunity to discover ways to see, think, and act more effectively in order to achieve better results, take responsibility, and seize opportunities. The $350 registration fee includes all materials, and breakfast and lunch each day.

Workshops are scheduled for :

February 24- 26, Holiday Inn, Collinsville

March 24 - 26, Crowne Plaza, Elgin

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Attend Illinois State Board of Education meetings

Do you know the Illinois State Board of Education members? Do you know what business they conduct in the name of school boards, districts, and kids? Have you attended a State Board of Education meeting?

If you answered no to any of the above questions you should consider attending a state board meeting and learning just what it is this board does and how it works. It meets once a month, usually in either Chicago or Springfield, although they do go other places in the state. The meetings are open to the public, unless otherwise indicated.

The normal schedule involves a Wednesday afternoon work-study meeting where a variety of plans, proposals or reports are presented and discussed by the board, the staff and the state superintendent. This is where we learn the nuts and bolts of what the agency is actively involved in at the moment. On Thursday there may be another committee meeting or just its plenary business meeting. The business meeting is where the board acts on issues. This is also the time when the public is invited to make comments. This is a good time for giving the state board feedback on a discussion item from its work-study session, or a comment on some other activity it has been involved with, either positive or negative.

Unless the state board hears from their constituency, like your own board with its constituency, they proceed in what they believe is in the best interest of the children in Illinois. And the state board likes hearing from you and likes knowing of your interest.

Some of the topics the board recently discussed focused on four board priority initiatives for the coming year. These include: quality educators, reading and math, birth to age eight early learning, and schools in academic difficulty. The board also has discussed its legislative plans for the veto session and spring session, and the health and life-safety recommendations, as well as its own agency budget planning. It is a varied agenda.

The next meeting is scheduled for December 15-16 in Chicago. You can learn more about the specifics by visiting the website: http://www.isbe.state.il.us, or phone 217/782-2221. Plan to attend with another board member or administrator from you district and become part of the state board’s agenda.

Source: Cynthia Woods, IASB liaison to ISBE, phone IASB at ext. 1228.

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IASB presents time/life management workshops

Picture a life that’s more organized, more peaceful, and more productive. What Matters Most is a new workshop from Franklin Covey, the company that created the Franklin Planner and the No. 1 best-selling business book of all time, The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People. The registration fee for this one day workshop (less in depth than the above workshop) is $185 and includes all materials, including a complete one year Franklin Planner, breakfast and lunch.

Workshops dates and locations are:

January 21, Marriott, Deerfield

January 28, Mark Twain Hotel, East Peoria

March 24, Touch of Nature, Carbondale

April 14, Crowne Plaza, Elgin

April 14, Keller Ramada Inn, Effingham

Registration for each workshop is limited and closes two weeks prior to the workshop date. For more information, call IASB at extension 1118 (Jenny Harkins) or extension 1220 (Judy Neizgoda).

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Press foundation sponsors seminar on FOI and Open Meetings Acts

The Illinois Press Foundation is sponsoring a seminar on the Freedom of Information and Open Meetings Acts to be repeated at various locations and dates in late November. The Gift Ban Act also will be touched upon. This three-hour seminar, offered in cooperation with the Illinois Attorney General’s office, is open to the public and free. For more information, call the Attorney General’s office at 217/782-1973.

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Violence prevention is aim of national videoconference

The National School Boards Association (NSBA) is one of 30 national organizations sponsoring an anti-violence videoconference November 30 on "Containing Crisis: Managing School and Community Emergencies." The 3:00-4:30 p.m. satellite program will focus on practical steps to manage emergency situations. This third and final part in a series on "Breaking the Cycle of Violence" will feature Anne Bryant, NSBA Executive Director. It will also include school leaders from sites of recent school violence. Videotapes are available of the first two parts of the series — at $145 each — covering early warning signs, and the comprehensive prevention of violence. The price is $395 to obtain tapes of all three videoconference sessions. For information on purchasing the videotapes, phone 800/698-8025. For information on how your school, district or organization can register for the national satellite broadcast, phone Derek Richey at the HOPE Foundation, 812/337-6002.

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IASB ARCHIVES HOME

Illinois Association of School Boards

2921 Baker Drive
Springfield, Illinois 62703